What should patients be monitored for when using NSAIDs?

When patients are using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), monitoring for gastrointestinal complications is critically important. NSAIDs are known to inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, which play a key role in the production of prostaglandins that protect the gastric mucosa. By reducing these protective prostaglandins, NSAIDs can lead to an increased risk of gastrointestinal issues such as ulcers, bleeding, and perforation.

Patients taking NSAIDs are particularly vulnerable to these complications, especially if they have preexisting gastrointestinal conditions, are taking them at high doses, or using them for prolonged periods. Symptoms to watch for include abdominal pain, dark stools, and vomiting blood. Implementing preventative measures, such as prescribing gastroprotective agents like proton pump inhibitors, is often considered for those at higher risk.

While other options such as hypotension, hyperkalemia, and visual disturbances can be associated with certain medications or conditions, they are not the primary concerns tied to NSAID use compared to gastrointestinal complications.