Which medication can exacerbate heart failure?

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can exacerbate heart failure primarily due to their effects on renal function and fluid retention. NSAIDs inhibit the production of prostaglandins, which are critical for maintaining renal blood flow and managing sodium and water balance. When renal prostaglandin synthesis is suppressed, it can lead to sodium retention, increased blood volume, and consequently increased workload on the heart. This fluid overload can worsen symptoms in patients already suffering from heart failure, emphasizing the importance of cautious use in this population.

In contrast, beta-blockers are generally used to manage heart failure symptoms and improve outcomes by reducing heart rate and myocardial workload. Diuretics are essential in managing fluid overload in heart failure patients by promoting diuresis. ACE inhibitors help to lower blood pressure and reduce the strain on the heart by preventing the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, which decreases peripheral vascular resistance and helps to manage heart failure effectively.