Which medication class can be used as a first-line treatment for hypertension?

ACE inhibitors are a class of medications that are widely recognized as first-line treatment options for hypertension. They work by inhibiting the enzyme angiotensin-converting enzyme, which plays a crucial role in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). By blocking this enzyme, ACE inhibitors prevent the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor. This results in vasodilation, reduced blood volume, and ultimately lower blood pressure.

Additionally, ACE inhibitors have beneficial effects on cardiac function and are particularly advantageous for patients with certain comorbidities, such as heart failure or diabetes, due to their ability to protect kidney function and reduce the risk of cardiovascular events. Their efficacy, safety profile, and tolerance make them a preferred choice in the management of hypertension.

In contrast, other medication classes mentioned have different primary indications and are not typically used as first-line treatments for hypertension. Muscle relaxants are mainly used for muscle spasticity and pain relief, antidepressants are primarily aimed at managing mood disorders, and antihistamines are mainly used for allergic reactions.