Which of the following is not a side effect associated with beta blockers?

Beta blockers are known for their various side effects due to their mechanism of action, primarily affecting the cardiovascular system and, in some cases, other body systems. To understand why hyperkalemia is not typically associated with beta blockers, it's important to recognize their physiological effects.

Beta blockers mainly work by blocking beta-adrenergic receptors, leading to decreased heart rate and contractility, which can result in bradycardia, one of their common side effects. They can also cause bronchospasm, especially in patients with pre-existing respiratory conditions like asthma, as beta-2 receptors in the lungs are also inhibited. Additionally, beta blockers can impact gastrointestinal motility, potentially leading to constipation.

Hyperkalemia, on the other hand, is not a recognized side effect of beta blockers. While certain medications, particularly those affecting renal function or potassium transport, can lead to elevated potassium levels, beta blockers do not have this direct effect. They do not influence potassium levels in a manner that would typically cause hyperkalemia, which makes this answer the correct choice in the context of side effects associated with beta blockers.