Which of the following is NOT a side effect of biguanides?

Biguanides, such as metformin, are commonly prescribed for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. They work primarily by improving insulin sensitivity and reducing hepatic glucose production. When considering the side effects associated with biguanides, it is important to understand the common and less common effects.

Headache, upper respiratory infections, and edema have all been documented as potential side effects of biguanides. Headaches can occur due to various mechanisms, including adjustments in glucose levels or side effects related to gastrointestinal disturbances. Upper respiratory infections may be exacerbated in patients with diabetes due to underlying immune system factors, while edema can occur as a consequence of changes in body fluid management due to these medications.

In contrast, increased appetite is generally not associated with biguanides; in fact, they may lead to a decrease in appetite for many patients. This is often part of the therapeutic effect, contributing to weight management in individuals who are overweight or obese. Therefore, the assertion that increased appetite is a side effect of biguanides is not accurate and highlights why it is the correct choice for what is NOT a side effect. Understanding these effects can guide both patients and healthcare providers in anticipating and managing side effects effectively.