Which of the following is a common side effect of corticosteroids?

Corticosteroids are known for several side effects due to their influence on various metabolic processes in the body. One of the most common side effects associated with corticosteroid use is weight gain. This occurs because corticosteroids can increase appetite and alter fat distribution, leading to increased body weight. They also contribute to fluid retention and can affect metabolism, further promoting weight gain.

The mechanism behind this involves the promotion of gluconeogenesis and the inhibition of insulin, which can also lead to higher levels of circulating glucose, prompting increased appetite. Additionally, long-term use of corticosteroids can lead to changes in body composition, such as an increase in visceral fat.

In contrast, decreased heart rate, hypoglycemia, and increased energy are not typically associated with corticosteroid use. Decreased heart rate may occur due to different physiological factors but is not a recognized side effect of corticosteroids. Hypoglycemia is generally not a risk factor for patients using corticosteroids; in fact, these medications can lead to increased blood sugar levels. The idea of increased energy may arise in some contexts, but it is not a standard side effect and can vary based on individual responses to treatment. Thus, the physiological mechanisms of corticosteroids primarily contribute to the common side effect of weight gain.